Background: To evaluate Interleukin-1 and TNF- α serum levels and their single
nucleotide gene polymorphisms (SNPs) association in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.
Methods: A case-control study performed between June 2022 and March 2023 at Benha
University Hospitals, Benha, Egypt. 50 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with
nasal polyps (Group 1), 50 patients with CRS without nasal polyps (Group 2), and 50
healthy volunteers as the control group (Group 3). TNF-α and IL -1 serum levels were
detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Gene polymorphisms of
cytokines IL-1 and TNF-α were delineated through the application of polymerase chain
reaction - Restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methodology. Results:
Serum concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1 exhibited markedly elevated levels in both
groups 1 and 2 when compared with the control group, as evidenced by a highly significant
statistical difference [pA SNP
among (group 1,2) and controls (p < 0.001). The frequency of the GA genotype was found
to be more prevalent in group 1 at 48% and group 2 at 50%, compared to a notably lower
prevalence of 6% observed in the control group (group 3). Allele-A was significantly
higher in groups 1 and 2 than in group 3. No significant differences were found between
IL-1A (+4845G/T) genotype distributions in groups 1 and 2 compared to group 3 (p =
0.093). The IL-1B (−511C/T) polymorphism shows a notable correlation in both groups 1
and 2 when compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Significantly higher
TNF- α and IL-1 serum levels and TNF-α and IL-1B (-511C/T) polymorphisms with CRS
with or without nasal polyps. Both IL-1B and TNF-α may be involved in the regulation of
CRS etiopathogenesis and could represent novel therapeutic targets for its management.