The main aim of this study is to investigate the protective efficacy of fenugreek seed extract
against doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity in rats. Sixty
rats were selected randomly and divided into 6 groups (n = 10 per group). Group I:
administrated 1 mL isotonic saline orally once daily for 30 days. Group II: received fenugreek
seed extract orally at 200 mg/kg b. wt. once daily for 30 days. Group III: administered
fenugreek seed extract orally at 400 mg/kg b. wt. once daily for 30 days. Group IV: intoxicated
with doxorubicin at 4 mg/kg b.wt. by I/P injection once weekly for 30 days. Group V received
fenugreek seed extract 200 mg/kg b. wt. followed by doxorubicin I/P once weekly for 30
days. Group VI: received 400 mg/kg b. wt. fenugreek seed extract followed by intoxication
with doxorubicin once weekly. Fenugreek and doxorubicin were administered at the same time;
however, fenugreek administration started one week prior to doxorubicin administration and
continued throughout the experimental period. Serum biochemical analysis revealed that
doxorubicin-intoxicated rats showed increases in liver biomarkers (ALT, AST, ALP, TC, and
TG) with declines in TP, Alb, and HDL, along with elevated kidney biomarkers (urea,
creatinine, and uric biomarkers (CK-MB and troponin) compared with the control group.
Oxidative parameter results exhibited elevation in MDA levels and lowering of SOD and CAT
activities in doxorubicin-intoxicated rats. But the fenugreek protective group lowered MDA
and enhanced SOD and CAT activities. Histopathological examination confirmed the
biochemical findings, demonstrating preservation of liver, kidney, and heart architecture in
fenugreek-protected rats. In conclusion, fenugreek exhibited potent antioxidant activity and
provided effective protection against doxorubicin-induced hepatic, renal, and cardiac toxicities