Background: A complex autoimmune disease, systemic
lupus erythematosus (SLE) mostly strikes females. The
abnormal accumulation of immune complexes, the
involvement of numerous organs, and the excessive
production of different types of autoantibodies are the
hallmarks of this condition. The purpose of this study is
cognitive function disorders in adult patients with lupus
nephritis (LN) and their correlation with the disease activity
of LN, as compared to SLE without nephritis. Methods: This
case-controlled study included 120 patients who carried out at
the Nephrology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, at Benha
University Hospitals from April 2022 to April 2024. Patients
were divided into two groups: Group 1: Fifty adult patients
with SLE who fulfill the criteria of American College of
Rheumatology, Group 2: Seventy adult patients with LN.
Results: The estimated glomerular filtration rate, complement
component 3, and complement component 4 in the LN group
all showed significant positive correlations with the Montreal
Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) score. Otherwise, the
following markers were found to be significantly inversely
correlated with the MOCA score: systolic and diastolic blood
pressure, urea and creatinine levels, total leukocyte count,
erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein,
antiphospholipid antibodies, lupus anticoagulant,
protein/creatinine ratio, albumin/creatinine ratio, 24-hour
urine protein, activity index, and chronicity index.