The decision-making theory has become essential for providing real-time solutions to
uncertainty problems, particularly in sustainable engineering and environmental challenges
in engineering processes. This work uses decision-making techniques to address water
resource problems using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The AHP can be used
properly as a decision-making technique to weigh and rank for effective allocation of water
resources (alternatives) with maximum priority and sustainable utilization in Egypt. To
accomplish our objective, Egypt was divided into five zones based on natural factors and
population concentration to identify the best water resource for each zone. It was found that
the Nile River is the best alternative for the Upper Nile zone, while desalination is the least
favorable option. The Nile River is the optimal choice in the Nile Delta zone, and
desalination is the least preferred option. In the Western Desert, groundwater emerges as
the top choice, while desalination is considered the least favorable alternative. Desalination
is the best alternative for the Red Sea zone, while Agriculture Drainage is deemed the least
suitable option. In the North Coast zone, desalination is preferred, and agriculture drainage
is the least favorable option.