This research delves into the pivotal role of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in propelling economic growth and social development within Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt, spanning the period from 2010 to 2022. By employing a data for the study was derived from both secondary and primary sources which collected through a questionnaire administered to a random sample of micro and small enterprises owners in Qalyubia. The study examines the sectoral composition, create job opportunities, and economic contributions of MSEs while identifying the challenges they encounter.Findings underscore the dominance of the service sector within the MSEs landscape yet highlight the substantial growth potential residing in the industrial and agricultural sectors. Micro-enterprises, particularly those led by women, emerge as key drivers of job creation. Despite operational constraints, including limited access to finance and infrastructure, MSEs demonstrate resilience and substantial contributions to the local economy.To optimize the role of MSEs in sustainable development, the study emphasizes the necessity of targeted policy interventions. These include enhancing access to finance, improving infrastructure, and streamlining bureaucratic processes. Economic efficiency analysis reveals variations across sectors, with organic fertilizer manufacturing emerging as a particularly viable option. By addressing the identified challenges and capitalizing on the strengths of MSEs, Qalyubia Governorate can foster a more inclusive and sustainable economic trajectory.The research concludes that MSEs are vital contributors to the governorate's economy and social fabric. To fully unlock their potential, a comprehensive policy framework is essential, encompassing financial support, capacity building, infrastructure development, and regulatory reforms.