This study elucidates the multi-target anti-glycoxidation mechanisms of geraniin (G), a hydrolysable tannin, using bovine serum albumin (BSA) models incubated with glucose (BSA-G), glyoxal (BSA-GO), and methylglyoxal (BSA-MGO). Through comprehensive analysis employing multispectral analysis, molecular docking, and confocal microscopy, G demonstrated significant inhibitory capacity against advanced glycoxidation end-product (AGEs) formation across three stages. In the early stage, G competitively binds to specific lysine (Lys127–434) and arginine residues (Arg185–456) in BSA-subdomains, effectively reducing glucose-BSA covalent binding by 63 % (at 90 μM G; p