Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a prime public health condition in Egypt.
Along with the global development of T2DM, the frequency of T2DM
diagnosed in adults < 40 years old has increased dramatically. Pancreatic B-
cells express the MTNR1B gene, which expresses the receptor 1B of
melatonin. Multiple large-scale genome-wide association studies and meta-
analyses revealed a strong connection between the rs10830963 of the
MTNR1B gene with fasting glucose and T2DM in many ethnic groups. This
study aims to detect the link between rs10830963 and early-onset type 2
diabetes (EOD) in the Egyptian population. The rs10830963 was identified
using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by DNA sequencing
technology on 12 T2DM patients and 18 healthy controls group with an age
range of 30 to 39 years. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycated hemoglobin
(HbA1c), serum creatinine (CREAT), triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol
(TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein
cholesterol (LDL-C), and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C)
were determined for both healthy and diabetic groups. Four T2DM patients
(one male and three females) in addition to four healthy individuals (one male
and three females) were found to contain the risk G allele when compared to
the NCBI reference sequence using the T-Coffee online tool for multiple
sequence alignment. Furthermore, the RNA secondary structure for reference
and sample sequences with the rs10830963 was predicted in terms of minimum
free energy (MFE) using the Vienna online tool, finding that there is a slight
difference in MFE between the compared sequences, which may explain the
upregulation of mRNA of the MTNR1B gene in presence of rs10830963. This
study reveals a possible association between the MTNR1B gene variant
rs10830963 and EOD in our Egyptian population sample.