A study was conducted during the period 2023 to 2025, to evaluate the efficiency of two cycles of mass selection
breeding method on improving some chemical quality characteristics of the land race cultivar " Balady Carrot". The
base population P0-G, the population of the first cycle of mass selection MS-Cyc.1-G, and the population of the second
cycle of mass selection MS-Cyc.2-G were evaluated in an experiment designed by randomized complete block method,
with three replicates. The analysis of variance indicated significant differences for root total sugars, anthocyanin, and
carotene contents between the different studied populations, while the differences concerning total soluble solids
(TSS%), were not significant. The recorded means of total sugars content of the roots of the plants of the different
studied populations, significantly increased with each cycle of mass selection, which were 3.545 %, 4.341 %, and
5.585 %, for the populations P0-G, MS-Cyc.1-G, and MS-Cyc.2-G, respectively. The significantly highest mean value
of root anthocyanin content was that associated with the roots of the MS-Cyc.2-G plants (157.207 mg/100 g f.w.), while
the lowest was associated with that of the PO-G population (134.423 mg/100 g f.w.). High PCV % and GCV %, were
estimated for root total sugars and carotene contents. The broad sense heritability H2bs were 36.0%, 97.3%, 91.3%, and
86.3%, for root TSS, total sugars, anthocyanin, and carotene content, respectively. Genetic advance as percent of the
mean GAM estimates were 6.3%, 46.3%, 15.9%, and 45.1%, for root TSS, total sugars, anthocyanin, and carotene
content, respectively.