Mohamed elsayed abd el-aal
Lecturer
A study on the varieties of equivalent cordial labeling graphs
AIMS Mathematics • 2025
Publication Information
Authors
M. E. Abdel-Aal; S. A. Bashammakh
Keywords
graph labeling; cordial graph; signed product cordial; logical cordial graph
Journal
AIMS Mathematics
Publisher
AIMS Mathematics
Volume
9
Issue
12
Pages
34720-34733
publication.type
International
Paper Link
Open Link
Supplementary Materials
Not Available
Abstract
The concepts of cordial labeling, signed product cordiality, and logical cordiality have
been introduced independently by different researchers as distinct labeling schemes. In this paper,
we demonstrate the equivalence of these concepts. Specifically, we prove that a graph G is cordial if
and only if it is signed product cordial, if and only if it is logically cordial. Additionally, we establish
that a graph G admits permuted cordial labeling if and only if it exhibits cubic roots cordial labeling.
Furthermore, we leverage this newfound equivalence to analyze the cordiality properties of several
standard graphs.
been introduced independently by different researchers as distinct labeling schemes. In this paper,
we demonstrate the equivalence of these concepts. Specifically, we prove that a graph G is cordial if
and only if it is signed product cordial, if and only if it is logically cordial. Additionally, we establish
that a graph G admits permuted cordial labeling if and only if it exhibits cubic roots cordial labeling.
Furthermore, we leverage this newfound equivalence to analyze the cordiality properties of several
standard graphs.
