Benha University

Mohamed elsayed abd el-aal

Lecturer

Faculty of Science Mathematics

A study on the varieties of equivalent cordial labeling graphs

AIMS Mathematics • 2025
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Publication Information
Authors M. E. Abdel-Aal; S. A. Bashammakh
Keywords graph labeling; cordial graph; signed product cordial; logical cordial graph
Journal AIMS Mathematics
Publisher AIMS Mathematics
Volume 9
Issue 12
Pages 34720-34733
publication.type International
Paper Link Open Link
Supplementary Materials Not Available
Abstract
The concepts of cordial labeling, signed product cordiality, and logical cordiality have
been introduced independently by different researchers as distinct labeling schemes. In this paper,
we demonstrate the equivalence of these concepts. Specifically, we prove that a graph G is cordial if
and only if it is signed product cordial, if and only if it is logically cordial. Additionally, we establish
that a graph G admits permuted cordial labeling if and only if it exhibits cubic roots cordial labeling.
Furthermore, we leverage this newfound equivalence to analyze the cordiality properties of several
standard graphs.
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