Mohamed Mahmoud Salem Ahmed Gaballa
Asst. Professor
Antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory potential of spirulina and thymoquinone mitigate the methotrexate‑induced neurotoxicity
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology • 2024
Publication Information
Authors
Behairy, A., Elkomy, A., Elsayed, F., Gaballa, M.M., Soliman, A. and Aboubakr, M.
Keywords
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Journal
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology
Publisher
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Volume
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Issue
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Pages
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publication.type
International
Paper Link
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Supplementary Materials
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate whether the neurotoxic effects caused by methotrexate (MTX), a frequently
used chemotherapy drug, could be improved by administering Spirulina platensis (SP) and/or thymoquinone (TQ). Seven
groups of seven rats were assigned randomly for duration of 21 days. The groups consisted of a control group that was given
saline only. The second group was given 500 mg/kg of SP orally; the third group was given 10 mg/kg of TQ orally. The
fourth group was given a single IP dose of 20 mg/kg of MTX on the 15th day of the experiment. The fifth group was given
both SP and MTX, the sixth group was given both TQ and MTX, and the seventh group was given SP, TQ, and MTX. After
MTX exposure, the study found that AChE inhibition, depletion of glutathione, and increased levels of MDA occurred.
MTX also decreased the activity of SOD and CAT, as well as the levels of inflammatory mediators such as IL-1, IL-6, and
tumor necrosis factor-α. MTX induced apoptosis in brain tissue. However, when MTX was combined with either SP or TQ,
the harmful effects on the body were significantly reduced. This combination treatment resulted in a faster return to normal
levels of biochemical, oxidative markers, inflammatory responses, and cell death. In conclusion, supplementation with SP
or TQ could potentially alleviate MTX-induced neuronal injury, likely due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti
apoptotic effects.
used chemotherapy drug, could be improved by administering Spirulina platensis (SP) and/or thymoquinone (TQ). Seven
groups of seven rats were assigned randomly for duration of 21 days. The groups consisted of a control group that was given
saline only. The second group was given 500 mg/kg of SP orally; the third group was given 10 mg/kg of TQ orally. The
fourth group was given a single IP dose of 20 mg/kg of MTX on the 15th day of the experiment. The fifth group was given
both SP and MTX, the sixth group was given both TQ and MTX, and the seventh group was given SP, TQ, and MTX. After
MTX exposure, the study found that AChE inhibition, depletion of glutathione, and increased levels of MDA occurred.
MTX also decreased the activity of SOD and CAT, as well as the levels of inflammatory mediators such as IL-1, IL-6, and
tumor necrosis factor-α. MTX induced apoptosis in brain tissue. However, when MTX was combined with either SP or TQ,
the harmful effects on the body were significantly reduced. This combination treatment resulted in a faster return to normal
levels of biochemical, oxidative markers, inflammatory responses, and cell death. In conclusion, supplementation with SP
or TQ could potentially alleviate MTX-induced neuronal injury, likely due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti
apoptotic effects.