Background: PCOS, or polycystic ovarian syndrome, is a prevalent gynecological disorder linked to metabolic and endocrine problems. One common insulin-sensitizing medication used to treat PCOS is metformin. liraglutide administration is observed with weight loss. Aim: the study aims to compare between the effect of metformin and liraglutide on management of PCOS. Methods: forty female albino rats were allocated into four groups equally. Control group, PCO group: rats were administered letrozole via oral gavage once daily for 3 weeks for induction of PCO. Metformin treated group: rats were given letrozole for 3weeks, then metformin orally once daily for 5 weeks. liraglutide treated group: rats were administered letrozole for 3 weeks, then liraglutide subcutaneous once daily for 5 weeks, the ovaries were extracted at the end of experiment for histological and immunohistochemical studies. Results: The PCO group exhibited an arrest of follicular development, with a limited or absent corpus luteum, numerous large subcapsular cystic follicles, and dilated, congested blood vessels. The deposition of collagen fibres and the positive P53 immunostaining reaction both experienced a substantial increase. A significant decrease in KI67 immunostaining reaction was observed. Both Metformin and Liraglutide treated groups showed normal histological structure of the cortex as it contained primordial, primary follicles and corpus luteum, and secondary, Graafian follicles of late-stage. A significant decrease in both collagen fibers deposition and positive P53 immunostaining reaction and a significant elevated in KI67 immunopositive reaction was observed.
Conclusion: both metformin and liraglutide restored the normal histological structure of the ovary.