Introduction: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) affects 69.1% of Egyptian physical
therapists (PTs), causing discomfort, changes in lung capacity and diaphragm
mechanics. Studies have indicated that core stability exercises and diaphragmatic
release improve CLBP and respiratory functions. This comparative study
examines which of these methods is more effective at restoring respiratory
functions and CLBP management.
Material and methods: Ninety female PTs with CLBP were randomly assigned
to three equal groups: Group A (Core Stability Exercise), Group B (Diaphragmatic
Release), and Group C (Control). All participants received a standard
protocol that included ultrasound, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
and hot pack. The primary outcome measures included pulmonary function
tests assessed by spirometer, diaphragm excursion and thickness measured
by diagnostic ultrasound. The secondary outcome measure, the Oswestry
Disability Index (ODI), was determined using the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire.
These outcomes were assessed and compared before and after the
intervention.
Results: Groups A and B revealed significant improvements in the primary
outcomes (p < 0.001), however, diaphragm excursion improved more in Group
B, while diaphragm thickness was more enhanced in Group A. All groups
exhibited a significant reduction in ODI scores (p < 0.001), with Groups A and
B showing the most pronounced decreases.
Conclusions: The observed intergroup variation in diaphragm thickness
and excursion, indicates that the combination of core stability exercises with
diaphragmatic release techniques is the most effective approach to alleviate
pain, enhance respiratory functions and core strength in CLBP subjects.