Benha University

ahmed hassan khalil

Asst. Professor

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Surgery

Ultrasonographic and gross anatomical characterization of superficial lymph nodes in donkey (Equus Asinus)

Benha Veterinary Medical Journal • 2026
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Publication Information
Authors Ahmed H. Khalil 1, *, Ahmed Sayed-Ahmed2, Mohamed M. m. Kandiel3, Mona A. Nasr4 and Atef S.A. Abd-Algalil5
Keywords Donkey Lymph nodes Topographic anatomy Ultrasound.
Journal Benha Veterinary Medical Journal
Publisher Faculty of veterinary medicine Benha university
Volume 42
Issue Not Available
Pages 128-133
publication.type Local
Paper Link Not Available
Supplementary Materials Not Available
Abstract
This study aimed to describe the ultrasonographic (dimensions and echogenicity), anatomical and histological features of superficial lymph nodes (LN) (mandibular, superficial cervical, subiliac, scrotal, and supramammary) in donkeys. Twenty-four donkeys (3-6 years old and 120-180 kg BW) were examined ultrasonographically for characterization of LN which were dissected and processed for histological examination. Data showed that mandibular LN, located between mandibular rami along each side of omohyoid muscles, ultrasonographically appeared as long-lobulated structures with clear anechoic lobules and hyperechoic interlobular trabeculae. Superficial cervical LN, located at 5 cm dorsal to the shoulder joint at the caudal end of the jugular vein, ultrasonographically appeared as a quadrilateral to oval multi-lobulated structure with hypoechoic lobules interspersed with fine interlobular echogenic trabeculae and delineated by a thick distinct echogenic capsule. Subiliac LN, located at the midway between the patella and coxal tuber, ultrasonographically appeared as an oval wholly anechoic structure with a fine central hypoechoic septum delineated by a thick hyperechoic capsule. Scrotal LN, located at the level of the superficial inguinal ring either cranial or caudal to the spermatic cord, ultrasonographically appeared as a small ovoid to rounded shaped structure with an entire anechoic content. Supramammary LN, localized on the lateral border of the udder base at the superficial inguinal ring, ultrasonographically appeared as a rectangular to ovoid structure with an entire anechoic content. In conclusion, the present data set a preliminary descriptive reference for normal ultrasonographic imaging as well as the topographical anatomy for adult donkeys' superficial LNs.
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