Kamal Moustafa Kamal
Asst. Professor
Spirulina platensis shields the submandibular gland from cadmium toXicity by bolstering antioXidant defenses and maintaining its structural integrity
• 2025
Publication Information
Authors
Eman Mohamed Faruk a, b,*, Fatma Ibrahim c, Dalia Ibrahim El-wafaey d,
Yasmeen Mohammed Ismail El Sayed e, Mohamed Ghazy Attia Hablas f, Mahmoud M. Hassan g,
Ahmed Mohammed Zaazaa h, Kamal M. Kamal i
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publication.type
Local
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Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), an element categorized as a non-essential transitional metal, has potential hazards to the health of both human beings and animals. Spirulina platensis (SP), a type of blue-green algae, possesses a high con- centration of essential antioXidants. The present study aimed to explore the possible defensive role of SP against Cd-induced submandibular gland injury in rats by assessment of biomarkers related to both oXidative stress and inflammatory processes, which were further explored through histopathological examination of submandibular gland tissue. Consequently, the study included 32 mature rats, subdivided into four different groups as follows: control, SP, Cadmium chloride (CdCl2), and CdCl2/SP. The duration of the study was 24days. The results revealed that CdCl2 induced submandibular gland injury as shown by the oXidant/antioXidant imbalance and increased inflammatory reactions, in addition to, histopathological changes and overexpression of BAX immu- nostaining. Concurrent SP administration to CdCl2-treated rats significantly improved all these effects. We concluded that concurrent SP supplement improved the submandibular gland injury provoked by CdCl