Background: Thiamethoxam (TMX) is a widespread neonicotinoid insecticide; it
thought to have a toxic effect on uterine and ovarian tissue. This experiment aimed to
evaluate the possible antioxidant protective role of both the pycnogenol and L-arginine
against this damage using histological, immunohistochemical, and morphometric analysis.
Methods: Forty eight female albino rats were randomly divided into 4 groups; twelve
rats per group as follows: 312 mg/kg thiomethoxame group (Tx group), 40 mg/kg pycnogenol
+ 312 mg/kg thiomethoxame group (Tx /Pg group), 1.3 g/kg L-arginine +312 mg/kg
thiomethoxame group ((Tx /La group), and a healthy control group. The rats were supplied
with L-arginine, Pycnogenol, TMX, and distilled water once a day for 30 days then sacrificed.
Ovarian and uterine tissues were removed for biochemical and histological analysis.