Agro-industrial wastes are generated during the industrial processing of agricultural crops. Agroindustrial wastes are estimated to over 30% of worldwide agricultural productivity every year. The main aim of this study is improve of protein content and nutritional value of agro-industrial wastes by solid state fermentation to use as animal fodder. Fungal strain Trichoderma reesei were used with five different substrates from agro-industrial wastes, namely; peels of mango, orange, apple, banana and tomato. pH5 is the optimum condition for protein enrichment in different waste types. Crude protein content in fermented substrates with Trichoderma reesei increased from 23.35%, 21.88%, 24.13%, 16.19%, 9.5% to 78.17%, 30.05%, 28.84%, 19.82% and 14.06% for peels of tomato, mango, orange, apple and banana respectively. Tomato peel had the highest value of crude protein, so could be a good substrate for production of crude protein by Trichoderma reesei.

The disposal of agro-industrial wastes is a serious problem and their deposition poses health hazard for all the living beings. Agro-industrial residues constitute a major proportion (almost 30%) of worldwide agricultural production. SSF methods are widely used for the protein enrichment of agro–industrial waste. The main aim of the present study is to use the Trichoderma harzianum with five different types from agro-industrial wastes (peels of mango, orange, apple, banana and tomato) for the enrichment of protein for wastes by SSF to use as animal feed. Fermentation temperature is one of the most important factors in fermentation process. The agro-industrial waste samples were incubated at different temperatures to determine the ideal fermentation temperature. From results the optimum fermentation temperature used to obtained the maximum crude protein by using Trichoderma harzianum was 28ᵒC. Crude protein content in fermented substrates increased from (23.35, 21.88, 24.13,16.19 and 9.5) g% to (84.46, 33.37, 28.60, 21.65 and 17.60) g% for peels of tomato, mango, orange, apple and banana respectively. Tomato peels is a good substrate for protein enrichment followed by mango peel, orange peel, apple peel and banana peel respectively.

The pursuit of safe potable water has long been and remains a major concern of public health officials and water supply operators. Since the recognition of waterborne disease, increased attention has been directed toward protecting the nation's health in addition to quenching its thirst. This requires a thorough understanding of the factors that cause bacteriological deterioration in drinking water, especially in distribution networks. In this research a pilot system has been built and connected with Benha water distribution system to study the factor effecting in biofilm formation on different pipes materials (uPVC- GRP - Concrete - Cast Iron) at different exposure periods (15, 30, 60, 120 days) to determine the best choice from pipe materials for use in water distribution system and that reduce bacteria regrowth through the system. The experimental works revealed that uPVC materials had the lowest biofilm formation on its surface at all exposure periods and GRP coupons had slightly more values after uPVC coupons at all periods except the period of 30 days. Meanwhile the highest values of total bacteria were on concrete and cast iron coupons. For all materials, biofilm has increased to maximum value after exposure time of 60 days and thereafter the grown bacteria in biofilm has decreased and could be detached to the bulk water. The total number of bacteria formed in the biofilm on different materials has also increased with increase of temperature from 22 oC to 37 oC.